• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    For testing a tap changer (20) of a transformer (5; 6), which is designed to change a transmission ratio of the transformer (5; 6), the following steps are carried out: generating a test signal which corresponds to a winding (1-3; ) of the transformer (5; 6) and the tap changer (20) is supplied. Pressing the on-load tap-changer (20) several times to change the transmission ratio each time it is pressed. Detecting a course of an electrical measured quantity (I; I1; I2) of the transformer (5; 6) over the time (t) during the step of actuating the step switch (20) depending on the test signal. Automatic time-superimposed representation of the courses (41, 42).
    公开号:AT516005A1
    申请号:T50458/2014
    申请日:2014-07-02
    公开日:2016-01-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Omicron Electronics Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer
    The present invention relates to a method and a device for checking a step switch of a transformer, in particular of a power transformer.
    Electrical power transformers, which are used, for example, in power generation, energy transmission, power distribution or industrial applications and designed for outputs greater than 1 MW, often include so-called tap changers in order to adapt the transmission ratio of the respective transformer, for example, to certain load conditions. Tap changer, which also in the operation of the transformer or under load, i. Without interruption of the operation, can be switched, are often referred to as on-load tap changer (OLTC). For this purpose, the winding of the transformer is designed as a so-called step winding, taps or taps of this tap winding are guided to the tap changer, which then switches in the operation of the transformer from a tap to another tap, so as to the transmission ratio of the transformer to change.
    Since the windings of a transformer each represent a large inductance, it is not easy to realize switching between different gear ratios since it is not possible to easily interrupt the current flow through a winding. Therefore, a tap changer is designed so that the current can flow through the winding at any time. Often, for this purpose, the tap changer switches the current flowing through the coil by means of resistors to thereby change the gear ratio. The switching process must be carried out quickly in order to avoid excessive heating of the resistors. Due to the complicated and therefore error-prone mechanism of the tap-changer, a regular check of each tap changer is advisable.
    Therefore, the present invention has the object to improve the verification of a step switch over the prior art.
    According to the invention this object is achieved by a method for testing a step switch of a transformer according to claim 1 and by a Vorrich¬tung for testing a tap changer of a transformer according to claim 9. The dependent claims define preferred and advantageous embodiments of the present invention.
    In the context of the present invention, a method is provided for testing a step switch of a transformer. In this case, the Stufenschal¬ter is designed to change (under load) a transmission ratio of the Transforma¬tors. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: generating a test signal which is fed to a winding of the transformer and the tap changer. The test signal may be, for example, an electrical current that flows through the winding and the in-line tap changer and is typically between a few amps and about 100 amps. The test signal may also be an electrical voltage which is applied to the winding and / or the tap changer in such a way that an electric current results, which flows through the series connection of the winding and the tap changer. • Multiple operation of the on-load tap-changer, changing the transformation ratio of the transformer each time the tap-changer is operated. In other words, the transmission ratio of the Transforma¬tors is changed several times by each of the tap changer is operated. Detecting a time characteristic of an electrical measured quantity of the transformer in each case during the actuation of the tap changer, wherein the electrical measured variable changes depending on the test signal during the switching operation (ie during the operation of the tap changer). For example, the electrical measured variable may be one through the winding and the other in series-connected tap changer flowing current and / or a voltage drop across the winding voltage are measured, wherein the current and / or the voltage changes by the operation of the tap changer depending on the generated test signal. The time characteristic of the measured variable can be detected, for example, by detecting the measured variable continuously or at certain points in time within this time interval (for example 100 ms) during a predetermined time interval. Dabeibeginnt the time interval in particular directly before or shortly after the beginning of the operation of the tap changer and ends after the translation ratio has been changed by the tap changer or after the grossest changes in the measured variable have subsided due to the operation of the Stu¬fenschalters or the switching operation. • To check the tap-changer, the recorded curves of the measured variable are automatically displayed superimposed over time. The representation of the courses takes place in particular via a display or a screen. However, it is also possible to display the gradients for presentation on a printer or on other media. In this context, the time-overlapping representation of the courses is understood in particular to mean that a temporal end of each of the courses shown is plotted after all the timely beginnings of the courses shown.
    On the basis of the temporally superimposed representation of the courses of the electrical measurement, the decision as to whether the tap-changer operates correctly or not, can be made much better and easier than is the case in the prior art. In this case, the illustrated courses can also be evaluated on the basis of historical data (for example, previously recorded courses of the measured variable).
    However, according to the invention, it is also possible for more than two (i.e. an arbitrary number) of temporal profiles of the measured variable to be superimposed over time.
    The time interval during which the course of the respective measured variable is detected can be selected to be long enough for the transformer to become saturated after switching to the new transmission ratio in order to also determine the resistance of the winding on the basis of the detected measured variable.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transformer may be a multi-phase transformer (eg, a three-phase AC transformer). In a multi-phase transformer, a separate tap changer is provided for each phase of the transformer, which is designed to change (under load) a Übersetzungsver¬verhältnis the transformer. For testing the tap changer, a test signal is generated simultaneously for each phase of the transformer. ProPhase this test signal is assigned to a respective phase associated Wind¬lung the transformer and the winding associated Stufenschal¬ter. If the test signals each have one current, for example, a current is simultaneously generated for each phase of the transformer, which current flows through the winding associated with the respective phase and the tap changer associated with the winding which is in series with the respective winding. For example, when the test signals are each a voltage, for each phase of the transformer, a voltage is simultaneously applied to the winding associated with that phase to thereby generate a current through that winding and the associated step switch. The tap changers are actuated several times, whereby the transmission ratio is changed with each actuation. At the same time, the tap changers should all be actuated at the same time. During operation of the tap changer, a time course of the electrical measurand, which changes depending on the test signal during the switching operation, is detected for each tap changer. This measured variable may be an electrical current which flows through one of the windings and the winding associated with this winding, lying in series with this winding. However, it is also possible for the measured variable to be an electrical voltage which drops off at one of the windings. The curves of the respective tap changer are displayed automatically superimposed over time. In this case, it is also possible to show gradients of the measured variable of different phases and / or the same phase superimposed over time.
    Especially on the basis of the temporally superimposed representation of courses of the
    Measurements of different phases can be advantageously compared occurring amplitude jumps or temporal shifts for the different Pha¬sen to decide on the basis of this comparison, whether the step switches of the multiphase transformer to operate correctly.
    The test signals can be generated for each phase so that the test signals have the same amount, whereby the recorded characteristics are directly comparable with each other.
    In a three-phase transformer with star point connection, which preferably has a Y or a Z winding, all three phases can be tested simultaneously. For this purpose, a current may be impressed as the test signal which flows into the winding in two phases (ie at the end of the winding facing away from the star point) and at one phase (that is to say at the end remote from the winding). In addition, if the three currents are equal in magnitude, then a fourth current will also flow out (i.e., it will be pulled off the winding at the end remote from the star point).
    In either a multiphase transformer or a single-phase transformer, the test signal may be a DC signal, i.e., a DC electrical current.
    On the one hand, the temporally superimposed representation of the courses of the respectively measured electrical measured variable affords the possibility of applying the courses as congruently as possible so that, for example, two identical courses are displayed exactly one above the other. Another possibility according to the invention consists in applying the gradients (slightly) offset so that, for example, two identical gradients can be distinguished. In this case, the curves can be displayed offset either in the direction of the time axis and / or perpendicular to the time axis.
    For temporally superimposed representation of the courses, in particular one or the corresponding time segments of the courses are shown overlaid in time.
    As already described above, the respectively corresponding time interval or the respectively corresponding time interval of the respective progress short can begin before or shortly after the respective actuation of the tap changer and end after the end of the execution of the changeover to a new transmission ratio. The respective time interval of the respective run can be, for example, 100 ms of the respective switchover operation.
    As also described at least in part in advance, the electrical measuring variable may include one or more of the following electrical measured quantities: The electric current which flows through the respective winding and the tap changer associated with the winding. • The electrical voltage which drops at the respective winding. An electrical resistance value which is calculated as a function of the voltage and the current (in particular as a quotient of the voltage and the current). This resistance value can be an ohmic resistance value or DC resistance value or an impedance value or alternating current resistance.
    According to the invention, the measured quantity may also be other electrical quantities, e.g. the electrical power or electrical energy received by or emitted from the respective winding.
    The present invention also provides an apparatus for testing a tap changer of a transformer. In this case, the tap-changer is designed to change (under load or during operation) a transmission ratio of the transformer. The device comprises test signal generating means, measuring means and control means. With the help of the test signal generating means and the control means, the device generates a test signal, which is fed to a winding of the transformer and the tap changer. With the aid of the measuring means, the device is able to detect a time characteristic of an electrical measured variable of the transformer during each actuation of the tap changer as a function of the test signal.
    The control means are designed to represent the progressions superimposed in time.
    The advantages of the device according to the invention essentially correspond to the advantages of the method according to the invention, which are carried out in advance in detail, so that a repetition is dispensed with here.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the transformer may be a polyphase transformer, with a separate tap changer being provided for each phase of the transformer, which is designed to change (under load) a transformation ratio of the transformer. According to this embodiment of the invention, the device is thus configured to test one or more tap changers of a polyphase transformer. In addition, the device is equipped to simultaneously generate a test signal for each phase of the transformer with the aid of the test signal generating means and each of these test signals (ie in each case one of these test signals) of a winding of the transformer associated with the respective phase to supply this winding associated tap changer. The apparatus is capable of detecting, with the aid of the measuring means for each tap changer, a time characteristic of an electrical measurand of the transformer during each operation of the tap changer. With the aid of the control means, the device according to the invention for each tap changer represents the courses of the respective stepping switch superposed in time.
    The advantages of this embodiment according to the invention correspond in general to the advantages of the corresponding embodiment of the method according to the invention, which are carried out in detail in advance, so that a repetition is omitted here.
    In particular, the device comprises a display and is designed in such a way that the device uses the control means to display the progressions on this display.
    The graphical representation of the temporally superimposed curves of the electrical measured variable for the respective tap changer simplifies the interpretation of the detected measured variables in comparison with the prior art. This ultimately also simplifies the testing of the tap changer.
    The present invention can be used in particular for testing on-load tap changers of power transformers. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this preferred field of application, since the invention can also be used, for example, for testing tap changers of transformers which are not considered as power transformers.
    In the following, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments according to the invention with reference to the figures.
    In Fig. 1, a plurality of time courses of an electric current when Betäti¬gen a tap changer of a transformer according to the invention are shown.
    In Figs. 2-4, only certain of the time courses shown in Fig. 1 are shown.
    In Fig. 5, the timing of an electric current when operating a tap changer of a transformer are not superimposed in time, but shown in temporal succession.
    In Fig. 6, a transformer with tap changer is shown together with a erfin¬ device according to the invention.
    FIG. 7 shows a polyphase transformer together with a device according to the invention.
    Although in the following figures, by way of example, an electric current is shown both as a test signal and as a measured variable, it should be explicitly pointed out that a voltage can also be applied as test signal according to the invention and / or that a voltage, an electrical resistance, an impedance, a power, an energy, etc. can also be used or detected as a measured variable.
    In FIG. 1, a plurality of time profiles 41, 42 of an electrical current are shown superimposed in terms of time according to the invention, wherein each of the courses 41, 42 of both operations of a tap changer of a transformer is detected. The electric current whose course is detected flows through the winding and the tap changer in series with the winding. For each of the courses, a time segment is respectively shown, which starts at a first time to and ends at a second time ti. In this case, the first time to is shortly after the start of the operation of the tap changer and the second time U is in time after the end of the switching operation of the tap changer.
    In the present case, the winding has eleven taps or taps between which the tap changer can switch over, as will be explained in greater detail with FIG. 6. The courses identified by the reference numeral 41 each show one of ten current courses, which are detected when the step switch is switched upwards, whereby the number of effective windings of the winding is reduced. Similarly, the waveforms labeled with reference numeral 42 each show one of ten current waveforms detected when the tap changer switches down, increasing the number of effective turns of the winding.
    As shown in FIG. 6, there are left-sided or odd-numbered taps 13 and right-sided or even taps 12 of the winding 10. In FIG. 2, only the current waveforms 41, 42 are shown in even-numbered switching operations by suppressing the current waveforms in odd-numbered switching operations by means of filtering. An even-numbered switching operation is present when switching to an even-numbered or right-sided tap 12. In this case, it is possible to switch over to an even-numbered or right-sided tap 12 both in the case of a downshift and also in an upshift. In other words, those indicated by reference numeral 41 in FIG. 2 characterized current waveforms five even-numbered switching operations when downshifting, while the gekenn¬zeichneten with the reference numeral 42 in Fig. 2 current waveforms represent five even-numbered switching operations when upshifting.
    In contrast, in Fig. 3, only the current waveforms 41, 42 are shown in odd-numbered switching operations by suppressing the current waveforms in the case of even-numbered switching operations by means of filtering. An odd-numbered switching operation is present when switching to an odd-numbered or left-sided tap 13 (see FIG. 6). As in the case of the even-numbered switching operations, in the case of the odd-numbered switching operations, it is possible to switch over to an uneven or left-hand tap 13 both during a downshift and during an autochange. In other words, the current waveforms indicated by reference numeral 41 in FIG. 3 show five odd-numbered switching operations when downshifting, while the current waveforms indicated by reference numeral 42 in FIG. 3 represent five odd-numbered switching operations upon upshifting.
    In Fig. 4, only the ten current waveforms 41 are shown in even-numbered switching operations, so that the ten current waveforms 42 are not shown in odd-numbered switching operations (see Fig. 1) since they have been filtered out.
    In Fig. 5, the 20 current waveforms 41, 42 of Fig. 1 are shown in temporal juxtaposition. Here, a time (e.g., t3 or ίβ) at which a current waveform 41, 42 ends corresponds to a timing at which an adjacent current waveform starts. In other words, the current waveforms shown in FIG. 5 are not shown overlaid in time.
    In Fig. 6, a transformer 6 with a tap changer 20 and a erfin¬dungsgemäße device 30 for testing the tap changer 20 are shown.
    The transformer 6 comprises a winding 10 having a plurality of taps or taps 12, 13. The tap changer 20 comprises two Stufenwäh¬ 14.15. In this case, the one tap selector 14 is connected to one of the right-hand or even-numbered taps 12 and the other tap selector 15 is connected to one of the left-side or odd-numbered taps 13. In addition, the tap changer 20 comprises a first terminal 21 and a first resistor 22, which are assigned to the tap selector 15, and a second terminal 24 and a second resistor 23, which are assigned to the tap selector 14. In the state shown in FIG. 6, a current I flows into the winding 10 at the connection 11 and out of the winding 10 at the tap 13, which is in contact with the step selector 15.
    Now, to change the gear ratio of the transformer 6, a switch 25 of the tap changer 20 is connected from the terminal 21 to the terminal 24. At this time, the changeover switch 25 contacts both the first terminal 21 and the first resistor 22 in a first step, so that the current I flows through the first resistor 22 when the changeover switch 25 loses contact with the first terminal 21 in the second step. In the third step, the changeover switch 25 contacts both the first resistor 22 and the second resistor 23, so that the current I via both the first resistor 22 and the second resistor 23 and thus both the stage selector 15 and the corresponding tap 13 as well via the tap selector 14 and the corresponding taps 12 flows. When the changeover switch 25 is further switched, the changeover switch 25 in the fourth step loses contact with the first resistor 22 so that the current I in the fourth step flows only through the second resistor 23 and the tap selector 14 and the corresponding tap 12. When the change-over switch 25 is switched further, the switch 25 contacts the second terminal 24 in the fifth step, so that the second resistor 23 is quasi-short-circuited. The current I flows through the second terminal 24 and the tap selector 14 and the associated tap 12, so that the transmission ratio of the transformer 6 changes accordingly. When the change-over switch 25 is switched further, the change-over switch 25 in the sixth and last step loses contact with the second resistor 23, whereby the switching operation or the operation of the stepping switch 20 for changing the gear ratio of the transformer 6 is finally completed.
    Once the tap selector 15 is de-energized (ie with the fourth step), the tap selector can be connected to another left-sided or unge¬radzahligen tap 13. In order to change the transmission ratio of the transformer 6 again, the changeover switch 25 is switched from the second terminal 24 to the first terminal 21 in a similar manner as described above.
    For testing or for testing the tap changer 20, the device 30 according to the invention, which comprises a current source 31 and an ammeter 32, exists. With the aid of the current source 31, the current I is generated which flows through the winding 10 and the tap changer 20 connected in series with the winding 10. In particular, a time profile of the current I flowing through the winding 10 and the tap changer 20 is detected during the switching of the step switch 20 with a corresponding measuring device 9 (see FIG. 8) of the device 30 according to the invention and together with other current waveforms which occur during other switching operations of the tap changer 20 were recorded, overlaid in time.
    In Fig. 7, a polyphase transformer 5 is shown, which comprises three phases each having a winding 1-3 in Y-connection. In this case, each phase 1-3 has a tap changer 20 (not shown in Fig. 7) for changing the gear ratio of the transformer 5 in the same manner as described above with reference to Fig. 6.
    To test the tap changer, the device 30 according to the invention generates a first direct current h, which is supplied to the end of the first winding 1 facing away from the star point 4, and a second direct current I 2, which is subtracted from the end of the third winding 3 facing away from the star point 4 on the other hand, the end of the second winding 2 facing away from the star point 4 is supplied. It can be seen that the first direct current h also flows from the neutral point 4 to the device 30. In other words, the test signals or direct currents h, l2, which each
    Winding 1-3 are supplied, the same amount.
    The time courses of the currents through the three windings 1-3 are detected, while the tap changers are switched several times in order to change the transmission ratio of the polyphase transformer 5. For each tap-changer, several of the detected current waveforms are shown superimposed over time in order to check the correct operation of the tap changer.
    FIG. 8 schematically shows a further embodiment of the device 30 according to the invention. The device 30 comprises, in addition to a current source 31, which corresponds to the test signal generating means, a controller 7, a display 8 and measuring means 9, with which a time profile 41, 42 of the electrical measured variable can be detected. On the display 8, the detected time profiles 41,42 are shown overlaid in time.
    REFERENCE LIST 1-3 Winding 4 Star point 5 Three-phase ac current transformer 6 Transformer 7 Control 8 Display 9 Measuring device 10 Winding 12,13 Tap 14, 15 Step selector 20 Tap changer 11,21,24 Terminal 22,23 Resistor 25 Changeover switch 30 Device 31 Power source 32 Ammeters 41 Current profile when switching down 42 Current profile when switching up I, h, b DC t Time tx Time
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    A method of testing a tap changer (20) of a transformer (5; 6), wherein the tap changer (20) is configured to change a gear ratio of the transformer (5; 6), the method comprising the steps of: Generating a test signal which is applied to a winding (1-3; 10) of the transformer (5; 6) and the tap changer (20), operating the tap changer (20) several times to change the transmission ratio each time it is actuated, detecting a progression of an electric current Measured quantity (i; h; b) of the transformer (5; 6) over time (t) respectively during the step of operating the tap changer (20) depending on the test signal, and automatically superimposing the waveforms (41,42) over time.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transformer is a polyphase transformer (5), that for each phase of the transformer (5) a separate tap changer (20) is provided, which is configured to a Übersetzungsver¬verhältnis of Transforming transformer (5) to be generated simultaneously that in each case a test signal for each phase of the Transforma¬tors (5), which associated with the respective phase winding (1-3) of the transformer (5) and the winding (1-3) is supplied to the second stage switch (20), that the tap changer (20) are actuated several times to change the transmission ratio at each actuation so that a course of an electrical measured variable (h; b) of the transformer (5) over time (t) is detected in each case during the step of actuating the Stu¬fenschalter (20) for each tap changer (20) depending on the test signal, and that the curves (41, 42) of the respective tap changer (20) automa ¬ time shown overlaid.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the test signals for each phase of the amount equal to be generated.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test signal is a DC signal.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the courses (41, 42) are applied as congruent as possible.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the gradients are applied offset.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that corresponding time intervals (t0-ti) of the courses (41, 42) are shown overlaid in time.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical measured variable a current (I; h; l2) which flows through the winding (1-3; 10) and the Stu¬fenschalter (20), a voltage, which drops at the winding (1-3; 10), or an electrical resistance value which is calculable depending on the voltage and the current (I; h; l2).
    [9]
    9. An apparatus for testing a tap changer (20) of a transformer (5; 6), wherein the tap changer (20) is configured to change a gear ratio of the transformer (5; 6), the apparatus (30) including test signal generating means (30). 31), measuring means (9) and control means (7), wherein the device (30) is designed to use the test signal generating means (31) and the control means (7) to generate a test signal of a winding (10) of the transformer (10). 5, 6) and the tap changer (20), wherein the device (30) is designed to transmit a profile of an electrical measured variable (I; h; b) of the transformer (5; 6) by means of the measuring means (9) the time (t) in each case during actuation of the Stufenschal¬ters (20) depending on the test signal to capture, and whereby the control means (7) are designed to represent the gradients (41, 42) overlaid in time.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the transformer is a polyphase transformer (5), that for each phase of the transformer (5) a separate tap changer (20) is provided, which is configured to a Übersetzungsver¬verhältnis of Transformers (5) to change that the device (30) is designed to generate by means of the test signal generating means (31) at the same time in each case a test signal for each phase of the transformer (5) and one of the respective phase zu¬geordneten winding (1-) 3) of the transformer (5) and the winding (1-3) associated tap changer (20), that the device (30) is configured to by means of the measuring means (9) a course of an electrical parameter (h; ) of the transformer (5) over the time (t) during each actuation of the tap changer (20) for each tap changer (20) depending on the test signal to detect, and that the control means (7) are configured to per Stu fenschalter (20) the gradients (41, 42) of the respective tap changer (20) over time to represent.
    [11]
    11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the device (30) comprises a display (8) that the device (30) is configured such that the control means (7) the courses (41,42) on the display (8).
    [12]
    12. Device according to one of claims 9-11, characterized in that the device (30) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1-8 is configured.
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50458/2014A|AT516005B1|2014-07-02|2014-07-02|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|ATA50458/2014A| AT516005B1|2014-07-02|2014-07-02|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    MX2016015645A| MX357249B|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer.|
    KR1020167033217A| KR20160148655A|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    EP15732674.5A| EP3164726B1|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    CA2946483A| CA2946483C|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    CN201580022430.6A| CN106255892B|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    ES15732674T| ES2820545T3|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Procedure and device for testing a step switch of a transformer|
    PL15732674T| PL3164726T3|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    AU2015282648A| AU2015282648B2|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    US15/315,432| US10663516B2|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
    RU2016145322A| RU2657316C1|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a load tap changer of a transformer|
    PCT/EP2015/064714| WO2016001151A1|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Method and device for testing a tap changer of a transformer|
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